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Nov 15, 2016 The replacement of vacuum tubes by transistors saw the advent of the second generation of computing. Although first invented in 1947, transistors weren’t used significantly in computers until the end of the 1950s. They were a big improvement over the vacuum tube, despite still subjecting computers to damaging levels of heat. Second generation computers used magnetic tapes, magnetic disks for secondary memory and magnetic core for primary memory. The input t o second generation computers was given through punch cards and the output displayed as printouts. The instructions for computer. Second-generation computers were also the first machines to store instructions in their memory. At the time, this element had evolved from magnetic drums to a technology with a magnetic core. Third generation (1964-1971) The hallmark of third generation of computers was integrated circuit technology. Characteristics of 1st generation computers Speed The Univac had a clock rate of 2.25MHz by clock rate we mean is number of clock ticks needed by a computer to complete one task. Usually expressed in MHz or GHz Fastest Computer The IBM-704, introduced in 1956 and considered one. Second generation computer (architecture) A computer built from transistors, designed between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s. Ferrite core memory and magnetic drums replaced cathode ray tubes and delay-line storage for main memory. Index registers and floating point arithmetic hardware became widespread. Machine-independent high level programming languages. Main Characteristics of a second generation computer. Second generation computer machines were based on transistor technology. Second generation computers were smaller as compared to the first generation computers. The computational time of Second generation computers.

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Call of duty ghosts serial key generator pc. The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

SecondSecond

AI includes −

  • Robotics
  • Neural Networks
  • Game Playing
  • Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life situations
  • Natural language understanding and generation

The main features of fifth generation are −

  • ULSI technology
  • Development of true artificial intelligence
  • Development of Natural language processing
  • Advancement in Parallel Processing
  • Advancement in Superconductor technology
  • More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features
  • Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates

Some computer types of this generation are −

  • Desktop
  • Laptop
  • NoteBook
  • UltraBook
  • ChromeBook
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The period of second generation was from 1959-1965. In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, magnetic cores were used as the primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.

In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.

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The main features of second generation are −

Second Generation Of Computers

  • Use of transistors
  • Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
  • Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
  • Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers
  • Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers
  • Faster than first generation computers
  • Still very costly
  • AC required
  • Supported machine and assembly languages

Some computers of this generation were −

Features Of Fifth Generation Computer

  • IBM 1620
  • IBM 7094
  • CDC 1604
  • CDC 3600
  • UNIVAC 1108